{"id":4287,"date":"2019-12-10T11:30:45","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T11:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/361energy.org\/?p=4287"},"modified":"2019-12-10T11:37:17","modified_gmt":"2019-12-10T11:37:17","slug":"climate-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/361energy.org\/climate-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Election 2019: Who&#8217;s Promising What On Climate &#038; Health?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h2><b> How does climate change threaten our health?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>It is becoming increasingly well-recognised that climate breakdown presents a major and potentially devastating threat to health, both globally and in the UK.\u00a0 As stated by the recent 2019 Lancet Countdown report (Watts et al., 2019), \u2018The life of every child born today will be profoundly affected by climate change. Without accelerated intervention, this new era will come to define the health of people at every stage of their lives\u2019<\/p>\n<p>A stable climate underpins many key social and environmental determinants of health; from the capacity of the world\u2019s ecosystems to provide clean water, air and nutritious food, to our access to shelter, infrastructure and services.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:0px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><ul style=\"--awb-size:20px;--awb-line-height:34px;--awb-icon-width:34px;--awb-icon-height:34px;--awb-icon-margin:14px;--awb-content-margin:48px;--awb-circlecolor:rgba(254,201,107,0);--awb-circle-yes-font-size:17.6px;\" class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-1 fusion-checklist-default type-icons\"><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-ambulance fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>Significantly increased physical and mental ill health and mortality are projected as a result of extreme weather events, disruption to food and water supplies, increased spread of infectious diseases and climate-related displacement and conflict.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-temperature-high fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>Direct health impacts in the UK will arise from increased risks from heatwaves and flooding<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-coins fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>However, the indirect health impacts could be even greater. Climate change will negatively affect international social, economic and political stability and cause rising food poverty through supply-chain disruption.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"fusion-li-item\" style=\"\"><span class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-accessible-icon fab\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\">\n<p>It will affect poor and marginalised groups most, thus increasing health inequalities.\u00a0 In the UK this is expected to particularly affect our ageing population.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:30px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:0px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h2><b> Background to the infographic<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>With growing public awareness of these concerns following media coverage of the youth climate strikes and Extinction Rebellion, this year large numbers of UK health professionals have mobilised and formed advocacy groups such as Doctors for Extinction Rebellion (<u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.doctorsforxr.com\/\">https:\/\/www.doctorsforxr.com\/<\/a><\/u>) and Health Declares Climate Emergency (<u><a href=\"http:\/\/healthdeclaresemergency.org\/\">http:\/\/healthdeclaresemergency.org\/<\/a><\/u>).\u00a0 Both are calling for issues relating to climate change and health to be front and centre in the 2019 election.<\/p>\n<p>To help physicians and the public to better understand the commitments on the most health-relevant environmental policy areas that the main parties have made in their manifestos we produced this evidence-based infographic with the assistance of experts in climate change and environmental policy from Imperial College London (Dr. Iain Staffell and Dr. Oytun Babatunde).<\/p>\n<p>All of the health\u00a0 impacts detailed on p.2 will be much worse at 2\u2070C or higher of warming than if warming is kept below 1.5\u2070C (Ebi et al. 2018). In developing the graphic, we were cognisant of the fact that, despite the scale and increasing visibility of the threats posed to health by climate change, the UK currently lacks policies to match the level of mitigation and adaptation ambition required.\u00a0 For example, the independent Committee on Climate Change (CCC, 2019) warns that current policies and plans are insufficient to meet the Fourth or Fifth Carbon Budgets (covering 2023 to 2032).<\/p>\n<p>There is also growing evidence that the previous target of net zero emissions by 2050 (as adopted by the UK Parliament in June 2019) is inadequate to protect health and wellbeing.\u00a0 This is because, firstly,\u00a0 the world as a whole needs to achieve net zero before 2040 to keep warming below 1.5\u2070C by 2100 (Walsh et al 2017), and secondly, that high-income countries such as the UK would have to decarbonise more rapidly than the global average rate on the grounds of equity.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Our methods<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>We developed an initial set of policy areas, selected to cover the largest potential health \u2018co-benefits\u2019 resulting from action on climate change, as well as those with the greatest scope for climate mitigation at the scale and pace required. These were refined to produce the following shortlist of 10 policy areas:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Decarbonisation and investment in developing a zero-carbon economy<\/li>\n<li>A ban on fracking<\/li>\n<li>A commitment to reduce levels of air pollution to World Health Organisation (WHO) limits<\/li>\n<li>Development of more energy-efficient homes<\/li>\n<li>Transport: incentivise public and active transport<\/li>\n<li>Social justice &amp; reducing health inequalities within action on climate change<\/li>\n<li>Public engagement &amp; public education (on climate impacts and mitigation)<\/li>\n<li>An independent environmental public watchdog (e.g. an Office for Environmental Protection)<\/li>\n<li>Sustainable food and farming systems<\/li>\n<li>Programme of reforestation, ecosystem restoration and rewilding<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>We selected the final criteria for inclusion in the infographic as the highest ranked (see next page) from a survey of UK health professionals in the Health Declares Climate Emergency network<\/p>\n<h2><b>Scoring manifesto commitments<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>We extracted data from party manifestos and individually scored party manifestos on each criterion as 0 (no policy or policies that counter the aim), 0.5 (positive but incomplete policy) or 1 (comprehensive and evidence-based policy).\u00a0 We then compared scores and associated manifesto quotes across parties in a group discussion and agreed consensus scores to produce this infographic (figure 1).<\/p>\n<p>The column on the right shows the key considerations taken into account in scoring each criterion.<\/p>\n<table width=\"918\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"220\"><b>Policy area<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"698\"><b>Key considerations<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"220\"><b>Decarbonisation and investment in developing a zero-carbon economy<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"698\">&#8211; Speed of emissions reductions planned<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Amount to be invested in low-carbon economic transformation<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Scope: net zero commitments should include international aviation and shipping and exclude international emissions credits<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Commitment to phase out oil and gas subsidies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"220\"><b>Cleaner air<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"698\">&#8211; Commitment to a Clean Air Act incorporating WHO standards<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Specific plans on how to achieve this<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Mechanisms to ensure accountability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"220\"><b>Green homes<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"698\">&#8211; Ambition of proposed policy or programme (e.g. number of homes to be insulated per year, amount to be spent)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"220\"><b>Transport: focus on incentivising active and public transport<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"698\">&#8211; Commitment to and proposed investment in increasing active travel (walking and cycling)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Phase-out of diesel and petrol vehicles (CCC have recommended a sales ban on conventional vehicles moved to 2030-2035)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Planned investment in local public transport<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Commitment to prevent airport expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"220\"><b>Sustainable food and farming systems<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"698\">&#8211; Commitment to carbon labelling of food to help the public choose lower carbon foods.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Promotion of diets lower in red and processed meat and\/or a diet similar to the Planetary Health diet (Willet et al, 2019)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>We extracted data from party manifestos for relevant commitments on each of these criteria and then, taking into account the considerations on page 5, individually scored party manifestos on each criterion as:<\/p>\n<p><b>0<\/b> (no policy or policies that counter the aim),<\/p>\n<p><b>0.5<\/b> (positive but incomplete policy) or<\/p>\n<p><b>1<\/b> (comprehensive and evidence-based policy)<\/p>\n<p>We compared scores and associated manifesto quotes supporting them across parties in a group discussion and agreed consensus scores to produce the infographic (page 1).<\/p>\n<h2>The final scores<\/h2>\n<table width=\"583\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"122\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"7\" width=\"460\">Political Parties (alphabetical order)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"70\">Brexit<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">Conservative<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">Green<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\">Labour<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">Lib Dems<\/td>\n<td width=\"55\">SNP<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">Plaid Cymru<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\"><b>Decarbonisation &amp; zero-carbon investment<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"70\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">0.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"55\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\"><b>Clean air<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"70\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">0.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"55\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\"><b>Green homes<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"70\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">0.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"55\">0.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\"><b>Transport<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"70\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">0.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">0.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"55\">0.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\"><b>Food and Farming<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"70\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\">0.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">0.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"55\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"122\"><b>TOTAL<\/b><\/td>\n<td width=\"70\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"57\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\">4.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"55\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">2.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>What you can Do<\/h2>\n<p>Good health for our families, our patients and our communities depends on a stable climate and healthy ecosystems. <b>The next Government\u2019s policies must reflect these pressing concerns. <\/b><\/p>\n<p>We are asking all health professionals to <b>vote with climate change and health in mind <\/b>on December 12th, using our scoreboard to help inform your decision. \u00a0Even more importantly, please encourage your colleagues and others within your sphere of influence to do so as well.<\/p>\n<h3><b>References:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Capstick S, Chambers J. The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate. The Lancet. 2019 Nov 16;394(10211):1836-78.<\/p>\n<p>Ebi K, Campbell-Lendrum D, Wyns A. The 1.5 Health Report. (Oct 2018). Online at http:\/\/climatetracker.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/The-1.5-Health-Report.pdf<\/p>\n<p>Committee on Climate Change (CCC) (2019) Summary Report: 2019 Progress Report to Parliament.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.theccc.org.uk\/publication\/reducing-uk-emissions-2019-progress-report-to-parliament\/<\/p>\n<p>Walsh B, Ciais P, Janssens IA, Penuelas J, Riahi K, Rydzak F, Van Vuuren DP, Obersteiner M. Pathways for balancing CO2 emissions and sinks. Nature communications. 2017 Apr 13;8:14856.<\/p>\n<p>Willett W, Rockstr\u00f6m J, Loken B, Springmann M, Lang T, Vermeulen S, Garnett T, Tilman D, DeClerck F, Wood A, Jonell M. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT\u2013Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet. 2019 Feb 2;393(10170):447-92<\/p>\n<h3><b>Written and developed by:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Dr Yasaman Barzin, Dr Isobel Braithwaite, Dr Anya G\u00f6pfert, Dr Chris Newman, Dr Ruth Speare, Dr Sarah Gentry, Alexander Crane, Michael Baldwin, Dr Oytun Babacan (Imperial College London) and Dr Iain Staffell (Imperial College London)<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Election 2019: Who&#039;s Promising What On Climate &amp; Health? - 361 Energy % %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/361energy.org\/climate-health\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Election 2019: Who&#039;s Promising What On Climate &amp; Health? 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